LANDSCAPE DESIGN FOR FLOOD ADAPTATION FROM 20 YEARS OF CONSTRUCTED ECOLOGIES IN CHINA
Palazzo E, Wang S.
Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4511; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084511
ABSTRACT
In highly urbanized floodplains, it is becoming widely accepted that a change is needed to move away from flood control towards flood adaptation paradigms. To address riverine and flash flooding in urban areas, urban and landscape designers have developed design solutions that are able to increase urban ecological resilience by allocating space to fluctuating water levels. With the purpose of operationalizing flood resilience, this study explores how constructed ecology principles are applied to the design of multifunctional landscapes to restore floodplain functions in urban areas and prevent downstream flooding. The study adopts a design-by-research approach to examine 30 case studies from the Sponge Cities initiative realized in China in the last twenty years and develops a toolbox of Flood Adaptation Types for stormwater management. The results are aimed at informing operations in the planning and design professions by proposing a schematic design framework for flood adaptation in different geographic conditions, scales, and climates. The study sets up the bases for a systematic assessment of flood adaptation responses also by facilitating communication between disciplines, designers, and non-experts. This will enable evidence-based decisions in landscape architecture and urban design, as well as fulfill pedagogic purposes in higher education and research.
Fllod Adaptation Types (FAT) classified according to prevalent flood adaptation measures (FAM), flood adaptation functions, climatic zones, and projects
Diagram identifying the eight types of FATs in relation to functional objectives, locations, landform and FAMs: [FAT1] Flood Adaptive Developments, [FAT2] Wetlands Parks, [FAT3] Bioretention Corridors, [FAT4] Stormwater sponges, [FAT5] Blue-Green Buffers, [FAT6] Floodable Wetlands, [FAT7] Terraced Wetlands, [FAT8] Water-Sensitive Networks.
OUTLINE
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Designed Ecologies for Flood Resilience: Foundational Principles
Results: Flood Adaptation Types
Discussion
Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References